Difference between heartwood and sapwood
Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.)
1919
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42 records were found.
A Perturbação Obsessivo-Compulsiva (POC) é uma condição psiquiátrica pertencente ao espectro das
perturbações de ansiedade, sendo caracterizada por obsessões e compulsões. Obsessões são definidas como
pensamentos, imagens, ideias ou impulsos recorrentes cujo conteúdo causam um elevado grau de ansiedade no
indivíduo, levando-o a executar ações especificas ou rituais mentais de modo a reduzir a ansiedade, i.e. compulsões,
(DSM-IV-TR, APA, 2000). A POC é uma psicopatologia bastante debilitante com uma taxa de prevalência de 1 a 2,5%
na população adulta, com diversas facetas no que diz respeito às suas características clínicas: comportamentais,
emocionais e neurocognitivas. Com especial atenção, défices ao nível do processamento visual e um viés atencional
são descritos como uma significante manifestação desta perturbação, desempenhando um...
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (área de especialização em Psicologia Clínica)
Os avanços na neurogenética contribuem consideravelmente para o avanço do conhecimento acerca dos determinantes genéticos da cognição humana. A recente descrição de um síndrome genética raro – o Síndrome de Williams (SW) – abriu uma nova janela para a investigação dos determinantes neurológicos dos fenótipos neurocognitivos e comportamentais, uma vez que este síndrome foi descrito como envolvendo uma dissociação das funções corticais superiores. O Síndrome de Williams (SW) é uma perturbação do neurodesenvolvimento rara (1 em cada 20 000), causada por uma deleção submicroscópica da banda q11.22-23 do cromossoma 7. O fenótipo cognitivo do SW tem sido descrito como um quadro de dissociação neurocognitiva, que inclui dificuldades severas das capacidades visuo-espaciais, motoras, de integração visuo-motora e de aritmética, que coexistem a p...
This paper presents the first systematic review and meta-analysis of neuropsychological and brain morphometry studies comparing posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) to typical Alzheimer's disease (tAD). Literature searches were conducted for brain morphometry and neuropsychological studies including a PCA and a tAD group. Compared to healthy controls (HC), PCA patients exhibited significant decreases in temporal, occipital and parietal gray matter (GM) volumes, whereas tAD patients showed extensive left temporal atrophy. Compared to tAD patients, participants with PCA showed greater GM volume reduction in the right occipital gyrus extending to the posterior lobule. In addition, PCA patients showed less GM volume loss in the left parahippocampal gyrus and left hippocampus than tAD patients. PCA patients exhibit significantly greater impairm...
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PTDC/PSI-PCL/116897/2010; PTDC/PSI PCL/115316/2009; PTDC/PSI-PCL/101506/2008
Of the five personality dimensions described by the Big Five Personality Model (Costa and McCrae 1992), Extraversion and Agreeableness are the traits most commonly associated with a pro-social orientation. In this study we tested whether a pro-social orientation, as expressed in terms of Extraversion and Agreeableness, is associated with a specific grey matter phenotype. Fifty-two healthy participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), a self-report measure of the Big Five personality traits. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to investigate the correlation between brain structure and the personality traits of Agreeableness and Extraversion. We found that Extraversion was negatively correlated with grey matter density in the middle frontal and orbitofrontal gyri while A...
The neurobehavioral
sequelae of traumatic brain injury
significantly contribute to the longterm
disability associated with this
pathology.1 Thus far, there is insufficient
evidence for either domainspecific
or generalization effects
resulting from cognitive intervention
in memory, executive functioning,
or speed-of-processing domains.
Here, we report on the case of an
adolescent patient who reduced the
aforementioned cognitive deficits
after being administered a structured
cognitive rehabilitation program,
allowing the reestablishment of
premorbid academic and interpersonal
functioning
Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder often described as being characterized by a dissociative cognitive architecture, in which profound impairments of visuo-spatial cognition contrast with relative preservation of linguistic, face recognition and auditory short-memory abilities. This asymmetric and dissociative cognition has been also proposed to characterize WS memory
ability, with sparing of auditory short-term memory and impairment of spatial and long-term memory abilities. In this study, we
explored the possibility of a double memory dissociation in WS (short- versus long-term memory; verbal versus visual memory). Thus,
verbal memory abilities were assessed using California Verbal Learning Test and Digit Span and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure and Corsi Blocks was used to assess visual–spatial memory abili...
Williams syndrome (WS), a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder due to a microdeletion
in chromosome 7, is described as displaying an intriguing socio-cognitive phenotype.
Deficits in prosody production and comprehension have been consistently reported in
behavioral studies. It remains, however, to be clarified the neurobiological processes
underlying prosody processing in WS.
This study aimed at characterizing the electrophysiological response to neutral, happy,
and angry prosody in WS, and examining if this response was dependent on the semantic
content of the utterance. A group of 12 participants (5 female and 7male), diagnosed with
WS, with age range between 9 and 31 years, was compared with a group of typically
developing participants, individually matched for chronological age, gender and laterality.
After inspection of EEG artifac...
